Period+7+Magazine

1939:

1940:

1941:

1942:

1943:

1944: 1945:



EUROPEAN INSIDE COVER: Timeline of 1945: March 23: Allies crossed the Rhine, the Allied invasion of Germany: one of the final phases in the Allied attacks on the German front. April 28: Mussolini captured by Italian partisans and shot to death: symbolizes the fall of the Axis powers. May 1-7: Hitler commits suicide and on may 4th, German forces in Holland, North-West Germany, and Denmark surrender.(May 7th)Unconditional surrender of all German forces to Britain, Russia, and the United States: The axis powers are nothing with out the Germans, and Hitler knew that. He committed suicide to spare himself the dreadful execution like Mussolini endured. May 8: V-E day : German surrender confirmed.(victory in Europe) Key Terms/People of 1945:

Neville Chamberlain
The prime minister of Britain from 1937 to 1940, who advocated a policy of appeasement toward the territorial demands of Nazi Germany. This appeasement policy essentially turned a blind eye to Germany’s 1938 annexation of Austria and the Sudetenland.

Winston Churchill
The prime minister of Britain during most of World War II. Churchill was among the most active leaders in resisting German aggression and played a major role in assembling the Allied Powers, including the United States and the USSR.

Adolf Hitler
Chancellor of Germany from 1933 until his suicide in 1945. Hitler achieved absolute power and maintained it throughout his time as chancellor. During his rule, he took a very active role in the government of Germany, making military decisions and committed deadly crimes regarding the treatment of Jews and other minorities, such as condemning Jews to death at concentration camps. Just before Germany surrendered in 1945, Hitler committed suicide.

Benito Mussolini
Fascist prime minister who came to power and ruled Italy as an absolute dictator. In many ways, Mussolini served as an inspiration to Adolf Hitler, with whom he chose to ally himself during World War II. In 1943, Mussolini was overthrown in a coup and in 1945 he was executed by Italian partisans prior to the end of the war.

Joseph Stalin
General secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1922 until his death in 1953. In some ways, Stalin was responsible for the USSR’s severe losses at the beginning of World War II, as he failed to heed the warnings of his advisers and did not allow the Russian military to prepare a proper defense.However, he did succeed in holding the country together and inspiring among his people a resistance against Germany, which forced Germany to retreat. Stalin’s own regime in the USSR was just as brutal as the Nazi regime, and the alliance between Stalin and the Allies always remained shaky because of distrust.

Allied Powers
An alliance during World War II made up of the countries that opposed the aggression of Nazi Germany. Britain, France, the United States, and the Soviet Union were the most prominent members, many other countries also joined.

Appeasement
The British and French policy of conceding to Adolf Hitler’s territorial demands prior to the outbreak of World War II. Associated primarily with British prime minister Neville Chamberlain, the appeasement policy enabled Hitler to take over the territories of neighboring countries.

Axis Powers
Germany, Italy, and Japan’s military alliance in opposition to the Allied Powers. Several smaller countries in Eastern Europe also became members of the Axis Powers temporarily.

V-E Day
May 8, 1945, the day on which the Allied forces declared victory in Europe.

Allied Nations Allied Occupied Territory Aggressor Nations Conquered Territory

Statistics of 1945: U.S. Active Military Personnel (1945) Army: 8,267,958 Navy: 3,380,817 Marines: 474,680 Total: 12,123,445 U.S. Military Bomber Aircraft built by American workers between 1941 and 1945: 49,123 Fighter Aircraft: 63,933 Cargo Aircraft: 14,710 Total U.S. Military Aircraft: 127,766 Ships produced by U.S. Maritime shipyards between 1939 and 1945: 5,777 Percent of the American labor force unemployed in 1940: 14.6% Percent of the American labor force unemployed in 1945: 1.9% Number of unionized working people in 1941: 10.5 million Number of unionized working people in 1945: 14.75 million Percent of the total non-agricultural workforce unionized in 1945: 35.5%, a record high! Death Distribution: WWII: Military Dead:33% Civilians Dead: 67% Percentage Of All Allied Bombs Dropped: 1945: 23.5% Quotes: Let us pray that peace be now restored to the world, and that God will preserve it always. - General Douglas Macarthur, Supreme Allied Commander of South-West Pacific (1945) : This quote portrays the hope that still remained in society. Even though millions have died during this horrific war, many still believed that peace could be restored to the world and its people. The world must know what happened, and never forget. - General Eisenhower, while visiting nazi death camps, 1945: Even though what had happened within the Nazi camps is utterly goury and upsetting, the world must know the truth, considering it was hidden for so long and many died unknowingly by the world since the Nazis created a type of false advertisement claiming that the camps were a nice place to live for the Jews. Many people were horrifically killed and slaughtered while the world thought they were all still living. "During the time I have had WACs under my command, they have met every test and task assigned to them...their contributions in efficiency, skill, spirit, and determination are immeasurable." -Dwight D Eisenhower in a speech referring to the five women who served on his staff during the war: He is speaking of women during this time period, as they were a great help to society. They filled the occupations that at one time were only available to men such as engineers. Women during world war II proved that women can do what men do, for the good, inspiration, and hope of society.
 * 12,000 heavy bombers were shot down in WWII
 * Between 1939 and 1945 the Allies dropped 3.4 million tons of bombs
 * That averages out to be 27,700 tons of bombs a month
 * 2/3 of Allied bomber crews were lost for each plane destroyed
 * 3 or 4 ground men were wounded for each killed
 * 6 bomber crewmen were killed for each one wounded
 * Over 100,000 Allied bomber crewmen were killed over Europe

summary: In 1945, the Allied forces emphasize their dominance by taking a large number of Axis prisoners. On April 27, 1945, as Allied forces captured the Italian Fascist dictator Benito Mussolini and on the 28th he was executed. The execution lead to the fall of the Italian rein and forced them to surrender. Soon after Mussolini's death, on April 30,during the Battle of Berlin, Adolf Hitler realized that all was lost and in knowing this, he wished not to suffer by an execution like Mussolini's, causing him to commit suicide. Hitler's suicide sealed the German empire's fate ultimately forcing them to surrender, this surrender erupted a roaring victory of the Allied people, May 8th is now historically labeled VE day (victory in Europe).August of 1945 was historic for both Japan and the United States as on the 14th the surrender of Japan was announced in the U.S. and the same was announced in Japan on the 15th, in America, this day was known as VJ day (Victory over Japan), this surrender was provoked by the atomic bombings that the United States carried out on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Japan. The signing of the surrender document on September 2nd officially declared Japan's surrender and the end of world war II.




 * Time Line- [|__http://www.timetoast.com/timelines/world-war-two-1945-its-main-years__] **
 * Summary (Inside Cover)**
 * A global crisis, the world was at war again with each, something Woodrow Wilson did not predict. It all started with the rise of dictators such as Hitler and Mussolini who would eventually join up with Japan to form an alliance called the Axis . In the European front, Germany and Italy would try to eliminate England and France. While in the Pacific front, Japan stood off the mighty United States which was full of nationalism because of a tragic event called Pearl Harbor. On December 7, 1941, a surprise Japanese attack on the American naval base in Hawaii took out 8 battleships, 3 cruisers, 4 vessels, 188 airplanes, and 200 lives in less than 2 hours.With in hearing news, America would enter the war on December 7, 1941 and begin the counter attack with the Allies . The Japanese captured American airfields in the Philippines and took control of the islands. Its been a off and on struggle for the U.S against Japan. America thought it would be an easy stand off against such an unknown nation, they the ones who ended WW1 however had a tough time fighting against the Japanese. Eventually the Battle of Coral Sea where American forces turned back the Japanese fleet and took control of the central Pacific where the battle for the island called Guadalcanal gave America control of South Pacific territory. With these two important battles, Americans paralyzed Japanese progress early and begun their counter attack. The largest naval engagement would occur at the Battle of Leyte Gulf where Americans eliminated Japan’s possibility of continuing a naval war. Japan’s economy was already crippled because American submarines wreaked their trade. Finally the fight of Okinawa, an island only 370 miles south of Japan, where 3500 kamikazes killed 50,000 allied soldiers. The capturing of the home front, because of the Manhattan Project , atomic weapons were constructed to inflict mass island gave America a place to finally send ground troops to Japan and continue their progress. In the destruction. To finally end the war, President Truman used it on Hiroshima and Nagasaki forcing Japan’s surrender and finally ending WW2. The European Front was already finished with Hitler and Mussolini’s death and now the Pacific Front ended.**
 * Citations**
 * Brinkley, Alan. American History: A Survey. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991. Print.**
 * Infoplease. Infoplease, n.d. Web. 13 May 2013.**
 * < [|__http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0001288.html__] >**
 * "HyperWar: A Brief History of the U.S. Army in World War II." HyperWar: A Brief History of the U.S. Army in World War II. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 May 2013.**
 * < [|__http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-C-WWII/__] >.**
 * "1945." World War II Timeline. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 May 2013.**
 * < [|__http://www.worldwar2history.info/1945.html__] >.**
 * "World War 2 Casualty Statistics." World War 2 Statistics. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 May 2013.**
 * < [|__http://www.secondworldwarhistory.com/world-war-2-statistics.asp__] >**


 * Term || Definition || Significant ||
 * Hitler || Germany’s dictator and absolute ruler who brought destruction to Europe. || This man brained washed all of Germany to start his annihilation on Europe to make Germans the superior race. ||
 * Emperor Hirohito || Japan’s ruler whom had power during WW2 and controlled all actions. || This man did not want to budge against the United States and wished to keep expanding Japan’s territory. ||
 * Mussolini || Italy’s dictator and absolute ruler who brought destruction to Europe. || This man brained washed all of Italy to help start his annihilation on Europe to make Germans the superior race. ||
 * Battle of Leyte Gulf || Largest Naval Engagement in history between the United States and Japan. || It wiped out all of Japan’s naval force and destroyed their chances of continuing a naval war. ||
 * Manhattan Project || A project in U.S which started researching on how to build an atomic bomb. || The threat of nuclear weapons would end WW2 and start off a series of treaties and promises in the future of its use. ||
 * Hiroshima || A city which was a target of the atomic bomb. || The atomic bomb showed its destruction power and caused Japan to surrender. ||
 * Pearl Harbor || Japan signed the Tripartite Pact which aligned them with Italy and Germany. Soon they launched a surprise attack on U.S’s naval base called Pearl Harbor. || The attack was a surprise to U.S and the U.S reacted by joining World War II which is the worse thing Japan could had done because the U.S again influenced the War and swayed it to their outcome. ||
 * The Axis || An alliance between Italy, Germany, and Japan during WW2 || These three countries worked together to conquer lands and spread war in all of Europe. ||
 * Nagasaki || A city which was a target of the atomic bomb. || The atomic bomb showed its destruction power and caused Japan to surrender. ||
 * President Truman || America’s president during World War Two who made the decision to launch the atomic bomb. || Truman’s strong leadership during WW2 helped prevent the dictators chaos from spreading and eliminating it before it got worse. ||
 * Kamikazi || Japanese Pilots who would deliberately crash themselves to inflict massive damage while killing themselves. || Kamikazes inflicted major damage and it illustrated that the military will use any means necessary to win the war. ||


 * Statistics- [|__http://www.statisticbrain.com/world-war-ii-statistics/__] **


 * Quotes**
 * [|__http://www.worldwar2tributes.com/view_quotes.php__] **
 * 1. I like a man who grins when he fights. - Prime Minister Winston Churchill**
 * The quote is significant because it shows that the allies are having pride in fighting the Axis to preserve the peace of the world.**
 * 2. The world must know what happened, and never forget. - General Eisenhower, while visiting nazi death camps, (1945)**
 * The quote is significant because America acknowledges the crime and horrendous murders of the Jews and he wishes to honor the holocaust eventually constructing a memorial to honor those who died.**
 * 3. The Bomb will never go off, and I speak as an expert in explosives. - Admiral William Daniel Leahy (advising President Truman on the U.S. atom bomb project, 1945)**
 * The quote is important because if Truman followed the quote, Japan could had never gave up during WW2 and it would had increased more casualties.**
 * 4. United in this determination and with unshakable faith in the cause for which we fight, we will, with God's help, go forward to our greatest victory. - General Dwight D. Eisenhower (1945)**
 * The United States is closing in on victory. They are almost about to end the war. The quote is important because it showed America’s nationalism and their commitment to end the war. They will not stop until it is finally over and peace comes.**
 * 5. Let us pray that peace be now restored to the world, and that God will preserve it always. - General Douglas Macarthur, Supreme Allied Commander of South-West Pacific (1945)**
 * The quote is important because it finally shows that the war is over and that peace is finally returned to the world.**


 * Feature Story: Atomic Bomb**
 * The atomic bomb. A weapon of mass destruction dropped down on Japan in two strategic location, Hiroshima and Nagasaki took the full front of American ingenuity. Americans contemplated about the idea of dropping the atomic bomb on Japan, however the only way to stop Japan and end WWII in one move was that. **
 * America decided to launch the atomic bomb and join WWII after the devastating attack on Pearl Harbor in September 7, 1941. As the sun raised up over the horizon a group of about 350 japanese pilots charged straight at Hawaii Pearl Harbor. It was a sudden and horrible ambush by the Japanese. Little to none of the American fighter planes ever left the ground, several of America’s most valuable war ship were sunk. To achieve such destruction with such a small group of planes took a lot of sacrifices. Little did the American know, Japan adopted a new way of fighting with planes. The kamikaze was effectively used as the Japanese pilots would unload their ammunition until they can’t no more and make them a self a sacrificial bomb. Strategically guiding their plane to crash on the most important part of American warships or group of soldiers. The heavy hit on America raged the Americans to join the war and first directed their anger on Hitler. This is when the Manhattan Project was born, Theodore Roosevelt send out America’s greatest mind such as Albert Einstein and Robert Oppenheimer to start the atomic bomb for the manhattan project . The first bomb was suppose to be dropped on Germany at Hitler. However, through many planning the bomb was saved for Japan instead. **
 * America gave a final chance for Japan to surrender and stop wrecking havoc as America now has the knowledge of knowing the atomic bomb work. The first one has already been dropped successfully on Alamogordo, New Mexico. On August 6, 1945 an American pilot name Paul W. Tibbets dropped the atomic bomb code named “little boy” on Hiroshima. Within minutes half the city vanish as an estimated 60 to 70 thousands civilians life lost and demolish one of the two biggest military base of Japan. The undying rage of Japan force America to bomb once again, their objective this time was to destroy the industrial industries. The bomb location were either Kokura, the primary target, or Nagasaki. America pilot approached Kokura however, they found it abandoned therefore the main target was switch to Nagasaki. The explosion of the devastating bomb wasn’t the worst part of it, but the unless fire caused by the bomb spread outward and took down small villages near Nagasaki. After the bombs were dropped on Japan, the gamma radiation from the uranium spread throughout Japan causing a nationwide plague. The radiation would first clog up the blood stream making organs in body harder to function as well as effecting the bone marrow. Extreme and long lasting pain falls down on Japan as they sleep on the plague. This final force Japan to surrender as their fighting spirit have been demolish and military was gone. **


 * The atomic bomb ended WWII as the last enemy of the Ally power spiral downward. The atomic bomb show the world that America does have a weapon that can end wars if needed. As well as the willingness to sacrifice some civilians to achieve the major objective. With the great advancement in technology up to come and evil minds around the world, the atomic bomb would be a weapon to threaten small countries for dominance. Or a weapon that can end us all. Now a day continents around the world holds many different kinds of nuclear weapons. Not long ago about last month, Korea threaten America with a nuclear bomb. This show how much one weapon developed by America have spread outward and any country with a great source of income and the technology, they can develop their own atomic bomb. We have move far away from the atomic bomb and now in a whole new lethal technologized age of weapons. **


 * Fun Facts about the Atomic Bomb: What made the atomic bomb so lethal was the uranium inside the bomb. The uranium were known was purify uranium-235, the idea of developing this uranium actually came from Germany. However, America saw the chance of what the uranium can do and decided to weaponize it. The making of the outer shell of the bomb was easy but the hardest part was making the purify uranium 235. To purify scientist had to melt down uranium ores and slowly extract the 235. What made it so hard was that the purify 235 was about 500 part to 1 against the useless uranium 238 from melting down the ores. Then the uranium needed to be fissured from the dense and less dense, which cut down the small 1% of the purify uranium to nearly nothing. **


 * [|__http://users.dickinson.edu/~history/product/steele/seniorthesis.htm__] **


 * Steele, Diana. "America's Reaction to the Atomic Bomb." America's Reaction to the Atomic Bomb. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 May 2013. **


 * [|__http://inventors.about.com/od/astartinventions/a/atomic_bomb.htm__] **


 * Bellis, Mary. "History of the Atomic Bomb & The Manhattan Project." About.com Inventors. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 May 2013. **
 * [|__http://www.atomcentral.com/hiroshima-nagasaki.aspx__] **


 * [|Atom Central. "The Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki." Hiroshima & Nagasaki Atom Bombs. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 May 2013.] **


 * [|__http://history1900s.about.com/od/worldwarii/a/hiroshima.htm__] **
 * Rosenberg, Jennifer. "The Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki." About.com 20th Century History. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 May 2013.**

** Iwo Jima **


 * 1945 a year of battle and misfortune. There was a lot of turmoil between the u.s and japan **


 * Its called  iwo jima 30,000 of our soldiers invaded **
 * and bombed iwo jima. A small island in  south japan , this leading to a high amount of casualties on both sides, the war did not end there. as it slowly made its way onto land, 20,000 japanese soldiers were stationed in iwo jima. **


 * U.S soldiers barely stood a chance against the japanese due to their strategic attacks and ambushes they lost nearly 600 men and close 1,800 injured, Luckily this didn't stop the u.s and they ended up pushing through taking ove r  M.t Suribachi where the iconic flag u.s flag was placed upon. this gave the hope that our soldiers needed. After many weeks of fighting the u.s had won, they lost about 1.000 men but captured around 1,800 japanese soldiers. **


 * This war was an iconic war, a war remembered by many and a war that shall live on. Including the picture of the 4 u.s soldiers mounting the u.s flag on suribachi. Its definitely a day to be remembered, a day that shall carry on. **